Update evolution_data.json
· 1 year ago
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1 file changed +300 −34
- evolution_data.json +300 −34
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--- a/evolution_data.json +++ b/evolution_data.json @@ -9,96 +9,362 @@ "fullName": "_Homo habilis_", "timeline": "c. 2.4 to 1.4 MYA", "color": "#FFB300", - "notes": "Key sites: Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), Koobi Fora (Kenya), Hadar (Ethiopia), Sterkfontein (South Africa). Associated with Oldowan tools. Brain size larger than Australopithecus.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[22,-35],[42,-35],[42,10],[22,10],[22,-35]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Considered one of the earliest members of Homo. Associated with Oldowan tools. Brain size generally larger than Australopithecus. Fossils found in Eastern and Southern Africa.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [25, -35], [45, -35], [45, 15], [25, 15], [25, -35] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Olduvai Gorge", "latitude": -2.9977, "longitude": 35.3572, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Type site for H. habilis, Tanzania."}, + {"siteName": "Koobi Fora", "latitude": 3.95, "longitude": 36.1833, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "East Lake Turkana, Kenya. Numerous H. habilis fossils."}, + {"siteName": "Sterkfontein", "latitude": -26.015, "longitude": 27.769, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "South Africa, fossils in Member 5."} + ] } ] }, { "periodName": "Homo erectus & First Major Dispersals (c. 1.9 MYA - 700 KYA)", "timeRange": "c. 1.9 Million - 700,000 Years Ago", - "narrative": "Homo erectus appears, a remarkably successful species with a larger brain and body. They developed more sophisticated Acheulean tools and were the first known hominin to migrate out of Africa ('Out of Africa I'). Key fossil sites like Dmanisi (Georgia) mark this early expansion into Eurasia, eventually reaching East Asia (China, Java).", + "narrative": "Homo erectus (including H. ergaster) appears, a remarkably successful species with a larger brain and body size. They developed more sophisticated Acheulean tools and were the first known hominin to migrate out of Africa ('Out of Africa I'). Key fossil sites like Dmanisi (Georgia) mark this early expansion into Eurasia, eventually reaching East Asia (China, Java).", "species": [ { "name": "Homo erectus", - "fullName": "_Homo erectus_", - "timeline": "c. 2 MYA to <250 KYA (possibly ~110 KYA)", + "fullName": "_Homo erectus_ (incl. _H. ergaster_)", + "timeline": "c. 2 MYA to <250 KYA (possibly ~110 KYA in some regions)", "color": "#4CAF50", - "notes": "Key sites: Koobi Fora (Kenya, 'Turkana Boy'), Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), Dmanisi (Georgia), Zhoukoudian (China, 'Peking Man'), Sangiran (Java, 'Java Man'). Adapted to diverse environments from African savannas to temperate Asia.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-10,0],[125,0],[125,45],[-10,45],[-10,0]]]}, + "notes": "First hominin to migrate out of Africa. Associated with Acheulean tool industry. Adapted to diverse environments from African savannas to temperate Asia.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "MultiPolygon", + "coordinates": [ + [[[20, -35],[50, -35],[50, 15],[20, 15],[20, -35]]], + [[[35, 10],[125, 10],[125, 45],[35, 45],[35, 10]]] + ] + }, "migrationPaths": [ - {"type":"LineString","coordinates":[[38,5],[45,15],[50,25],[70,30],[100,35],[115,30]]} + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[37, 2], [38, 15], [44, 41], [70, 35], [100, 38], [115, 35], [112, -7]] + } ], - "migrationColor": "#2E7D32" + "migrationColor": "#2E7D32", + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Koobi Fora (Nariokotome Boy)", "latitude": 4.166, "longitude": 35.883, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "KNM-WT 15000 ('Turkana Boy'), Kenya."}, + {"siteName": "Dmanisi", "latitude": 41.326, "longitude": 44.348, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Georgia, earliest well-dated hominin site outside Africa."}, + {"siteName": "Zhoukoudian", "latitude": 39.70, "longitude": 115.92, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Near Beijing, China ('Peking Man')."}, + {"siteName": "Sangiran", "latitude": -7.45, "longitude": 110.83, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Java, Indonesia ('Java Man' discoveries)."}, + {"siteName": "'Ubeidiya", "latitude": 32.68, "longitude": 35.56, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Israel, early H. erectus site."} + ] } ] }, { - "periodName": "Rise of H. heidelbergensis (c. 700 - 300 KYA)", + "periodName": "Rise of H. heidelbergensis & Regional Diversification (c. 700 - 300 KYA)", "timeRange": "c. 700,000 - 300,000 Years Ago", - "narrative": "Homo heidelbergensis emerges, found in Africa and Europe. This species is considered ancestral to both Neanderthals (in Europe) and Homo sapiens (in Africa). They were capable hunters of large game, utilized more refined tools, and adapted to a range of environments, including colder regions in Europe. The Sahara Desert became a more significant barrier during parts of this period, influencing regional evolution.", + "narrative": "Homo heidelbergensis emerges, found in Africa and Europe, and possibly Asia. This species is considered a likely ancestor to both Neanderthals (in Europe) and Homo sapiens (in Africa). They were capable hunters of large game, utilized more refined tools (late Acheulean), and adapted to a range of environments, including colder regions in Europe. Late populations of H. erectus persisted in parts of Asia.", "species": [ { "name": "Homo heidelbergensis", "fullName": "_Homo heidelbergensis_", "timeline": "c. 700,000 to 200,000 YA", "color": "#1E88E5", - "notes": "Key sites: Mauer (Germany, type site), Boxgrove (UK), Sima de los Huesos (Spain), Bodo (Ethiopia), Kabwe (Zambia). Hunted large game; Schöningen spears are direct evidence.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-15,25],[55,25],[55,60],[-15,60],[-15,25]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Widespread in Africa and Europe. Ancestor to Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Hunted large game; Schöningen spears provide direct evidence.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "MultiPolygon", + "coordinates": [ + [[[15, -30],[50, -30],[50, 35],[15, 35],[15, -30]]], + [[[-10, 35],[50, 35],[50, 60],[-10, 60],[-10, 35]]] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [ + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[30, 10], [35, 30], [10, 45], [25,50]] + } + ], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Mauer", "latitude": 49.333, "longitude": 8.8, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Germany, type site (Mauer mandible)."}, + {"siteName": "Sima de los Huesos", "latitude": 42.35, "longitude": -3.65, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Atapuerca, Spain. Large collection of fossils."}, + {"siteName": "Kabwe (Broken Hill)", "latitude": -14.47, "longitude": 28.45, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Zambia, significant cranium."}, + {"siteName": "Boxgrove", "latitude": 50.86, "longitude": -0.72, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "UK, evidence of butchery and early H. heidelbergensis."} + ] }, { "name": "Late Homo erectus (Asia)", "fullName": "_Homo erectus_ (late populations in Asia)", - "timeline": "Persisted in parts of Asia", + "timeline": "Persisted in parts of Asia possibly until ~110 KYA", "color": "#66BB6A", "notes": "Later populations of H. erectus continued in East and Southeast Asia (e.g., Ngandong, Java).", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[90,0],[125,0],[125,40],[90,40],[90,0]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [90, -10], [125, -10], [125, 40], [90, 40], [90, -10] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Ngandong", "latitude": -7.15, "longitude": 111.9, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Java, Indonesia. Site of very late H. erectus fossils."} + ] } ] }, { "periodName": "Neanderthals, Denisovans & Early Sapiens (c. 400 - 100 KYA)", "timeRange": "c. 400,000 - 100,000 Years Ago", - "narrative": "Neanderthals evolved in Europe from H. heidelbergensis, adapting to Eurasian climates. Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals, emerged in Asia. In Africa, early Homo sapiens were appearing, with the oldest fossils dating to around 300,000 years ago (e.g., Jebel Irhoud, Morocco). Species like H. naledi (South Africa) and H. floresiensis (Indonesia) represent other contemporary hominin diversity.", + "narrative": "This period marks the flourishing of Neanderthals in Europe and Western/Central Asia, evolving from European H. heidelbergensis. Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals, are known from limited fossils in Asia but wider genetic evidence. In Africa, early anatomically modern Homo sapiens were appearing, with key fossils like Jebel Irhoud (Morocco) and Omo Kibish (Ethiopia) dating to this era. Other contemporary hominins like H. naledi (South Africa) and H. floresiensis (Indonesia) highlight regional diversity.", "species": [ { "name": "Homo neanderthalensis", "fullName": "_Homo neanderthalensis_", "timeline": "c. 400,000 to 39,000 YA", "color": "#8E24AA", - "notes": "Key sites: Neander Valley (Germany), La Chapelle-aux-Saints (France), Shanidar Cave (Iraq), Kebara Cave (Israel). Adapted to cold climates, Mousterian tools, complex behaviors.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-15,30],[70,30],[70,60],[-15,60],[-15,30]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Adapted to Eurasian climates. Mousterian tool industry. Complex behaviors including burial of dead. Interbred with H. sapiens.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [-10, 30], [80, 30], [80, 60], [-10, 60], [-10, 30] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Neander Valley", "latitude": 51.226, "longitude": 6.946, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Germany, type site."}, + {"siteName": "La Chapelle-aux-Saints", "latitude": 44.98, "longitude": 1.72, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "France, 'Old Man' skeleton."}, + {"siteName": "Shanidar Cave", "latitude": 36.8, "longitude": 44.2, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Iraq, evidence of burials and care for injured."}, + {"siteName": "Kebara Cave", "latitude": 32.55, "longitude": 34.96, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Israel, important Neanderthal fossils."} + ] }, { "name": "Denisovans", "fullName": "Denisovans", - "timeline": "c. 287,000 to 30,000 YA", + "timeline": "c. 287,000 to 30,000 YA (fossil evidence); wider genetic presence", "color": "#D81B60", - "notes": "Known from Denisova Cave (Siberia), Baishiya Karst Cave (Tibet), Cobra Cave (Laos). Genetic evidence suggests wide Asian distribution and interbreeding with H. sapiens.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[60,25],[130,25],[130,60],[60,60],[60,25]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Known from scarce fossils (Denisova Cave, Baishiya Karst Cave, Cobra Cave). Genetic evidence suggests wide Asian distribution and interbreeding with H. sapiens and Neanderthals.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [70, 20], [140, 20], [140, 55], [70, 55], [70, 20] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Denisova Cave", "latitude": 51.4, "longitude": 84.68, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Siberia, Russia. Type site, multiple fossils."}, + {"siteName": "Baishiya Karst Cave", "latitude": 35.27, "longitude": 102.08, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Tibetan Plateau, China. Mandible, indicating high-altitude adaptation."}, + {"siteName": "Cobra Cave (Tam Ngu Hao 2)", "latitude": 20.37, "longitude": 103.38, "certainty": 0.7, "details": "Laos, molar showing Denisovan affinity."} + ] }, { - "name": "Early Homo sapiens (Africa)", + "name": "Early Homo sapiens", "fullName": "Early _Homo sapiens_", - "timeline": "Emerged c. 315,000 YA in Africa", + "timeline": "Emerged c. 315,000 YA in Africa; some out of Africa by ~185 KYA", "color": "#FF7043", - "notes": "Key sites: Jebel Irhoud (Morocco), Omo Kibish (Ethiopia), Herto (Ethiopia). Anatomically modern humans originating in Africa.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-20,-35],[55,-35],[55,35],[-20,35],[-20,-35]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Anatomically modern humans originating in Africa. Early dispersals into Levant and Arabia.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "MultiPolygon", + "coordinates": [ + [[[-20, -35],[55, -35],[55, 38],[-20, 38],[-20, -35]]], + [[[30, 15],[55, 15],[55, 35],[30, 35],[30, 15]]] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [ + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[35,5],[38,25],[45,20]] + } + ], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Jebel Irhoud", "latitude": 31.85, "longitude": -8.87, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Morocco, earliest known H. sapiens fossils (~315 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Omo Kibish", "latitude": 5.48, "longitude": 35.93, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Ethiopia, Omo I (~195-230 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Herto", "latitude": 9.7, "longitude": 40.5, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Ethiopia, H. sapiens idaltu (~160 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Misliya Cave", "latitude": 32.7, "longitude": 35.08, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Israel, maxilla (~185 KYA), early H. sapiens out of Africa."} + ] }, { "name": "Homo naledi", "fullName": "_Homo naledi_", "timeline": "c. 335,000 to 236,000 YA", "color": "#78909C", - "notes": "Found in Rising Star Cave system (South Africa). Mix of primitive and modern features.", - "estimatedRangeGeoJson": {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[27,-26.5],[28.5,-26.5],[28.5,-25.5],[27,-25.5],[27,-26.5]]]}, - "migrationPaths": [] + "notes": "Found in Rising Star Cave system (South Africa). Mix of primitive (small brain, curved fingers) and modern (feet, wrists) features. Possible intentional body disposal.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [27.5, -26.3], [28.0, -26.3], [28.0, -25.8], [27.5, -25.8], [27.5, -26.3] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Rising Star Cave System", "latitude": -26.024, "longitude": 27.709, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. Only known site."} + ] + }, + { + "name": "Homo floresiensis", + "fullName": "_Homo floresiensis_", + "timeline": "c. 100,000 to 50,000 YA (fossils); tools 190k-50k YA", + "color": "#A1887F", + "notes": "'Hobbit'. Small-bodied hominin from Flores, Indonesia. Likely result of insular dwarfism. Sophisticated tools for its brain size.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [119.8, -8.8], [123.0, -8.8], [123.0, -8.2], [119.8, -8.2], [119.8, -8.8] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Liang Bua Cave", "latitude": -8.519, "longitude": 120.450, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Flores, Indonesia. Main fossil site."} + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "periodName": "Homo sapiens Major Expansion & Archaic Admixture (c. 100 KYA - 40 KYA)", + "timeRange": "c. 100,000 - 40,000 Years Ago", + "narrative": "This period witnessed major dispersals of Homo sapiens out of Africa, primarily via a 'Southern Dispersal' route along coastal Asia, reaching Australia by ~65-50 KYA. Earlier dispersals into the Levant and Arabia were also significant. During these expansions, H. sapiens encountered and interbred with Neanderthals (in Eurasia) and Denisovans (in Asia), leaving genetic traces in modern non-African populations. Neanderthals and Denisovans were still present but their populations started to decline towards the end of this period. H. floresiensis persisted on its island.", + "species": [ + { + "name": "Homo sapiens", + "fullName": "_Homo sapiens_", + "timeline": "Global expansion prominent in this period", + "color": "#E53935", + "notes": "Major 'Out of Africa' dispersal. Colonization of Asia and Australia. Interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Development of more complex behaviors and technologies (Later Stone Age/Upper Paleolithic precursors).", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "MultiPolygon", + "coordinates": [ + [[[-20, -35],[55, -35],[55, 38],[-20, 38],[-20, -35]]], + [[[30, 0],[150, 0],[150, 50],[30, 50],[30, 0]]], + [[[110, -45],[155, -45],[155, -10],[110, -10],[110, -45]]] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [ + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[45, 15], [55, 10], [70, 5], [90, 0], [100, -5], [120, -8], [130,-20], [135,-35]] + }, + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[38,25], [40,35], [50,40],[70,45]] + } + ], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Skhul and Qafzeh Caves", "latitude": 32.68, "longitude": 35.18, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Israel, H. sapiens fossils (~120-90 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Al Wusta", "latitude": 22.0, "longitude": 45.0, "certainty": 0.7, "details": "Saudi Arabia, fossil finger bone (~85 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Madjedbebe (Malakunanja II)", "latitude": -12.59, "longitude": 132.89, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Australia, earliest evidence of H. sapiens in Sahul (~65 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Niah Cave (Deep Skull)", "latitude": 3.81, "longitude": 113.77, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Borneo, Malaysia, early H. sapiens (~40-45 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Fuyan Cave (Daoxian)", "latitude": 25.65, "longitude": 111.58, "certainty": 0.6, "details": "China, potentially early H. sapiens presence (80-120 KYA, debated)."} + ] + }, + { + "name": "Late Homo neanderthalensis", + "fullName": "_Homo neanderthalensis_ (late populations)", + "timeline": "Declining, extinct by ~39 KYA", + "color": "#B39DDB", + "notes": "Populations shrinking and fragmenting. Continued interaction with incoming H. sapiens.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [-10, 30], [60, 30], [60, 55], [-10, 55], [-10, 30] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "El Sidrón", "latitude": 43.39, "longitude": -5.65, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Spain, evidence of Neanderthal family group."}, + {"siteName": "Vindija Cave", "latitude": 46.3, "longitude": 16.06, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Croatia, late Neanderthal remains, source of early DNA."} + ] + }, + { + "name": "Late Denisovans", + "fullName": "Denisovans (late populations)", + "timeline": "Persisted until ~30 KYA or later", + "color": "#F48FB1", + "notes": "Continued presence in Asia. Further interbreeding events with H. sapiens ancestors of Melanesians and East Asians.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [70, 20], [140, 20], [140, 55], [70, 55], [70, 20] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Denisova Cave", "latitude": 51.4, "longitude": 84.68, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Siberia, Russia. Continued occupation by Denisovans."} + ] + }, + { + "name": "Late Homo floresiensis", + "fullName": "_Homo floresiensis_ (late populations)", + "timeline": "Extinct by ~50 KYA", + "color": "#BCAAA4", + "notes": "Continued existence on Flores until around the time H. sapiens was expanding significantly through Southeast Asia.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [119.8, -8.8], [123.0, -8.8], [123.0, -8.2], [119.8, -8.2], [119.8, -8.8] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Liang Bua Cave", "latitude": -8.519, "longitude": 120.450, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Flores, Indonesia. Site of late H. floresiensis."} + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "periodName": "Global Colonization & Late Pleistocene Humans (c. 40 KYA - 10 KYA)", + "timeRange": "c. 40,000 - 10,000 Years Ago (End of Last Glacial Maximum)", + "narrative": "Homo sapiens becomes the sole surviving hominin species. This period sees the full colonization of Europe, the peopling of the Americas via Beringia (and possibly coastal routes), and further innovations in technology and art (e.g., cave paintings). The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, peak c. 26.5-19 KYA) significantly impacted environments and human distributions, creating refugia and influencing migration patterns. Neanderthals, Denisovans, and H. floresiensis go extinct early in this period.", + "species": [ + { + "name": "Homo sapiens", + "fullName": "_Homo sapiens_", + "timeline": "The only surviving hominin species globally.", + "color": "#D32F2F", + "notes": "Colonization of Europe, Siberia, and the Americas. Flourishing of Upper Paleolithic cultures. Adaptation to diverse and often harsh Ice Age environments. Extinction of other archaic humans.", + "estimatedRangeGeoJson": { + "type": "Polygon", + "coordinates": [ + [ + [-170, -60], [180, -60], [180, 80], [-170, 80], [-170, -60] + ] + ] + }, + "migrationPaths": [ + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[50,50], [30,55], [10,50], [-5, 45]] + }, + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[100,60],[130,65],[160,65],[-160,60],[-140,50],[-120,40],[-100,30]] + }, + { + "type": "LineString", + "coordinates": [[-120,55],[-105,30],[-100,-10],[-70,-40]] + } + ], + "locations": [ + {"siteName": "Peștera cu Oase", "latitude": 45.01, "longitude": 21.50, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Romania, earliest modern humans in Europe (~40 KYA), with Neanderthal ancestry."}, + {"siteName": "Chauvet Cave", "latitude": 44.38, "longitude": 4.41, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "France, stunning Upper Paleolithic cave art (~32 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Lake Mungo", "latitude": -33.74, "longitude": 143.08, "certainty": 0.9, "details": "Australia, Mungo Man and Mungo Lady (~40 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Monte Verde", "latitude": -41.51, "longitude": -73.21, "certainty": 0.8, "details": "Chile, pre-Clovis site in the Americas (~14.5-18.5 KYA)."}, + {"siteName": "Bluefish Caves", "latitude": 67.14, "longitude": -140.79, "certainty": 0.6, "details": "Yukon, Canada, potential early evidence of humans in Beringia (~24 KYA, debated)."} + ] } ] }