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                             <li><strong>Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BCE–50 CE):</strong> Hellenistic Jew in Egypt. Used allegory extensively to harmonize Greek philosophy (especially Plato) with the Torah, influencing later Christian thinkers.</li>
                             <li><strong>Saadia Gaon (882–942):</strong> Head of Babylonian academy (Gaon). Rationalist, influenced by Islamic Kalam philosophy. Wrote *Emunot v'Deot* (Book of Beliefs and Opinions), defending Rabbinic Judaism and demonstrating its compatibility with reason against challenges (e.g., Karaites).</li>
                             <li><strong>Solomon Ibn Gabirol (c. 1021–c. 1058):</strong> Spanish Neoplatonist poet-philosopher. Wrote *Fons Vitae* (Fountain of Life).</li>
+                            <li><strong>Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki) (1040–1105):</strong> French rabbi and preeminent commentator on the Torah and Talmud. His works clarified the plain meaning (*peshat*) of texts, making them accessible to scholars and laypeople alike. Rashi's commentaries became foundational in Jewish study, influencing both Jewish and Christian exegesis. His Torah commentary was the first dated Hebrew printed book (1475).</li>
                             <li><strong>Judah Halevi (c. 1075–1141):</strong> Spanish poet and philosopher. Wrote *Kuzari*, an imagined dialogue defending Judaism. Emphasized the unique historical experience of revelation at Sinai and the particularity of Jewish connection to God and Land of Israel, contrasting it with universal philosophical proofs.</li>
                             <li><strong>Moses Maimonides (Rambam) (1138–1204):</strong> Preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and legalist (born Spain, lived Egypt). Masterfully synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish tradition in *The Guide for the Perplexed* (aimed at intellectuals struggling with apparent contradictions). Codified Jewish law (*Mishneh Torah*). Formulated influential *13 Principles of Faith*. His work sparked major controversies.</li>
                             <li><strong>Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom / Ralbag) (1288–1344):</strong> French Aristotelian philosopher, astronomer, Talmudist. Held more radical views than Maimonides on issues like divine knowledge of particulars and creation, prioritizing philosophical coherence.</li>